European Integration Revisited: Progress, Prospects, and U.s. Interests by Michael Calingaert

Author:Michael Calingaert [Calingaert, Michael]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Political Science, General
ISBN: 9780429969249
Google: BQHFDwAAQBAJ
Publisher: Routledge
Published: 2018-02-12T08:57:14+00:00

Notes

1. One example that is interpreted by some as "disruptive," and that certainly has engendered controversy, is the insistence of some Muslim girls on wearing head scarves in French schools.

2. European Commission, "Growth, competitiveness, employment: The challenges and ways forward into the 21st century," White Paper, Bulletin of the European Communities, Supplement 6/93, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1993.

3. Treaty of Rome as amended by Maastricht Treaty, Article 129b, c, and d.

4. European Commission, "Growth, Competitiveness and Employment— Note for the Council of Ministers (Economy/Finance) on the economic elements of the White Paper," Brussels, November 18, 1993, p. 11.

5. European Commission, "An industrial competitiveness policy for the European Union," Bulletin of the European Union, Supplement 3/94, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg, 1994.

6. In its first report, presented to the June 1995 European Council in Cannes, the Competitiveness Advisory Group called for far-reaching action, including faster liberalization and deregulation, early implementation of economic and monetary union (EMU), removal of obstacles to the trans-European networks, and an overhaul of education and training. It remains to be seen how much influence the group will have.

7. European Commission press release, "Economic Forecast for 1995 and 1996," IP/95/491, May 17, 1995, and Communication from Commissioner de Silguy to the European Commission, "The Outlook for the Community Economy 1995-97: Autumn 1995 Economic Forecasts," November 22, 1995.

8. Indicative of this view was the Commission's minimalist proposal in 1995 for liberalization of postal services, which took into account strong member state concerns about the negative implications for employment in a sector with over 1.8 million employees.

9. Peter Ludlow, "Beyond Maastricht: Recasting the European Political and Economic System," Centre for European Policy Studies, Working Document No. 79, Brussels, July 1993, p. 20.

10. As Blair told the Royal Institute of International Affairs, "opinion polls probably would push us towards a sceptic approach," but that would be "folly," as quoted in "Monsieur Oui," The Economist, April 8,1995.

11. European Commission, Eurobarometer, No. 41, July 1994, pp. vi and 8. After a secular climb during the 1980s, peaking at 72 percent in 1991, those considering membership a "good thing" dropped to 54 percent in 1994. Similarly, support for "benefits" from membership peaked in the late 1980s at 59 percent before falling to 47 percent in 1994.

12. "Hot on the trail of the EU fraudsters," Financial Times, April 3,1995.

13. Treaty of Rome as amended by Maastricht Treaty, Article 3b.

14. Maastricht Treaty, declaration 17 on the Right of Access to Information.

15. "The Internal Market after 1992: Meeting the Challenge," Report to the Commission by the High Level Group on the Operation of the Internal Market, October 1992.

16. See Annex III of Report of the Council on the Functioning of the Treaty on European Union, No. 5082/95.

17. According to a frequent participant at Franco-German summits, Kohl and Mitterrand invariably harkened back to World War II in their references to the basis of the bilateral alliance.

18. In the words of a French Commission official, "France wants decisions taken by phone calls between France and Germany.

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